Why Visit Pian Upe Wildlife Reserve in Northern Uganda?
Nestled in the vast wilderness of northern Uganda, just north of the imposing Mount Elgon, lies the Pian Upe Wildlife Reserve—a destination waiting to be explored by nature enthusiasts and wildlife lovers. Spanning across multiple districts, including Amudat, Moroto, Katakwi, and Nakapiripirit, this reserve is the second-largest of its kind in Uganda, covering an impressive expanse of approximately 2043 square kilometers. Its journey from a contested pastureland to a thriving wildlife sanctuary is a testament to the region’s transformation and commitment to conservation.
Established in 1985 as the Debasien Animal Sanctuary, the Pian Upe Wildlife Reserve initially had no defined boundaries. Over the years, it faced the threat of being turned into a farming area. However, thanks to strong opposition, it was ultimately reimagined as a game reserve, officially named Pian Game Reserve in 1964. Presently, there are ongoing efforts by the Ugandan government to elevate its status to that of a National Park, with the aim of attracting even more tourists to this pristine natural wonder.
Before its gazetting as a protected area, Pian Upe was a battleground for the Karamojong clans. This vast savannah grassland served as essential pastureland for their cattle. Fierce clashes between the Karamojong of Uganda and the Pokot of Kenya were the norm, with the victors gaining access to these valuable grazing lands. The historical significance of this region adds depth to the Pian Upe experience.
The name “Pian Upe” is derived from the local tribes—the Kalenjin and Karamojong—who inhabit the areas surrounding the National Park. “Pian” translates roughly to “calm-hearted people,” referring to the Pian locals living near the Reserve, while “Upe” is Kalenjin for “enemy,” used by the Karamojong to describe the Kalenjin people who migrated from Kenya and established themselves in the vicinity. When combined, “Pian Upe” symbolizes the intriguing concept of “friendly enemy,” reflecting the coexistence of these diverse communities in the region.
The geographical setting of Pian Upe is characterized by a semi-arid climate and a rich tapestry of vegetation. It boasts a variety of ecosystems, including savannah forests, seasonal rivers, swamps, rocky kopjes, and short grasslands dominated by species such as butterfly pea, beard grass, thatching grass, bristle and lemon grasses, and red acacia.
Watching Wildlife in Pian Upe Wildlife Reserve
Pian Upe Wildlife Reserve is a haven for wildlife enthusiasts, offering a unique opportunity to witness a diverse range of animal species within its various ecosystems. Despite challenges posed by past conflicts, the reserve has made significant strides in wildlife conservation under the guidance of the Uganda Wildlife Authority.
The list of animal inhabitants in Pian Upe is impressive and includes cheetahs, jackals, spotted hyenas, Oribis, cape buffaloes, various ungulates, Uganda Kob, Impalas, zebras, Gunther’s Dik Dik, common duiker, mountain Reedbuck, blue duiker, lions, Aardvarks, crocodiles, olive baboons, and common Agama lizards. While some of these creatures were once extinct in the area, the Uganda Wildlife Authority’s efforts have seen the reintroduction and thriving of these species.
In addition to mammals, Pian Upe is home to an array of reptiles, primates, herbivores, and carnivores. Among the reptiles, you may encounter rock pythons, puff adders, Geckos, savannah monitors, and other fascinating species. While some of these creatures may be elusive, the ones you do spot will undoubtedly leave you in awe of the natural world’s diversity.
Birding in Pian Upe
With approximately 242 bird species recorded, Pian Upe is a paradise for birdwatchers seeking a quieter and more secluded experience than the crowded Uganda Safaris typically offer. Binoculars, a camera with extra batteries, a guidebook, and sturdy hiking boots are essential tools for any birding adventure in Pian Upe.
Exploring the Reserve through nature hikes and game drives provides excellent opportunities to spot a wide variety of avian species. Among the numerous birds that call Pian Upe home are the magnificent ostrich, the striking Fox weaver, the elusive shoebill stork, majestic hawks, owls, herons, cormorants, African jacana, pelicans, and colorful Hornbills. It’s worth noting that the Reserve still holds uncharted territory for bird research, suggesting the possibility of discovering even more bird species yet to be documented.
Pian Upe Game Reserve, along with the Bokora Wildlife Reserve and the Matheniko Wildlife Reserve, collectively forms the Mount Elgon Conservation Area, managed by the Uganda Wildlife Authority. Their tireless efforts have significantly reduced poaching and encroachment, resulting in the gradual resurgence of species that had once disappeared from the Reserve.
Guided Nature Walks
Immersing yourself in the wild heart of Africa through nature hikes is one of the most intimate ways to experience Pian Upe Wildlife Reserve. Knowledgeable safari tour guides will lead you deep into the Reserve, where you’ll have the chance to observe a plethora of animals and birds in their natural habitat.
During these hikes, it’s crucial to adhere to the tour leader’s guidelines, which include maintaining a safe distance from the animals, walking quietly in a single-file line behind the guide, wearing neutral-colored clothing to blend into the environment, and minimizing noise to avoid disturbing the wildlife. The dry season is the optimal time for these walks when the roads are more accessible and you can spot antelopes, various bird species, monkeys, and even elephants, among other fascinating wildlife.
Community Tour to Experience Local Cultures
Pian Upe Game Reserve, like the Masai communities in Kenya and Tanzania, is surrounded by the Karamojong and the Kalenjin tribes. These communities are nomadic pastoralists who traverse the region in search of grazing land and water for their livestock. Embarking on a guided tour of the local villages will provide you with a profound insight into the lives, daily routines, and unique cultures of these resilient communities, who have gradually adapted to the changing world.
For a deeper understanding of Karamojong culture, visit the Karamoja cultural museum, where you can learn about their traditions and history. Additionally, you can enjoy traditional dances and music, providing an immersive experience of the local way of life.
Hiking Excursions in Pian Upe
The picturesque landscape of Pian Upe is a hiker’s dream. It features various rocky plains to explore and is home to three significant mountains: Mountain Napak, Mountain Kadam, and the imposing Mountain Elgon. Among the notable trekking destinations is the Napedet Caves, which offer an excellent opportunity for adventure seekers.
The Napedet Caves house ancient paintings created by early inhabitants of the region, dating back to a time before the Reserve was established. These captivating paintings depict giraffes, hartebeest, antelopes, baboons, and other animals, offering a glimpse into the area’s rich history and natural heritage.
How to Get to Pian Upe Reserve
Reaching Pian Upe Reserve is an adventure in itself, as it is situated in a remote but beautiful corner of Uganda. The journey begins in Kampala, the capital city, and typically takes around 8 hours by car. From Kampala, you’ll travel to Mbale, which is approximately a 2-hour drive from the Reserve. Along the way, you can make a delightful detour to visit the enchanting Sipi Falls in Mbale, adding even more natural beauty to your journey.
There are two primary routes for driving to the game reserve: public roads and private roads. Opting for the private roads is recommended for the seclusion they provide, and you can savor the stunning scenery at a leisurely pace. For those who prefer to fly, there is a single operational airfield in the area, located in Amudat, providing an alternative means of reaching Pian Upe.
Pian Upe can also be seamlessly integrated into Uganda Gorilla Safaris, offering an extension north to explore the remote villages of Karamojong after the thrilling gorilla trekking experience.
For personalized assistance in planning your Pian Upe adventure or any other aspect of your Uganda journey, consult with the knowledgeable experts at Iconic Africa Safaris. Reach out to them at info@iconicafricasafaris.com for an unforgettable experience in one of Uganda’s best-kept secrets, the Pian Upe Wildlife Reserve.
