Silverback Gorilla Facts: Weight, Strength, Size and Lifespan
Silverback gorillas are the dominant adult male mountain gorillas, easily identifiable by the distinctive grey or silver-coloured hair that develops on their backs as they mature. This striking appearance, combined with their impressive size and strength, makes them a fascinating species to observe, especially on a gorilla trekking tour in Uganda, Rwanda, or the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). In this article, we will explore everything you need to know about these magnificent creatures, from their physical attributes to their behaviour and role within their family groups.
What is a Silverback Gorilla?
The term “silverback” refers to an adult male mountain gorilla, typically over 12 years old. As they age, the hair on their backs turns silver or grey, giving them their name. This change in colour is a sign of maturity and dominance, and it sets them apart from the younger males in the group. Silverbacks are not only physically larger than the other gorillas, but they are also the leaders of their family group, known as a troop.
Silverback gorillas are responsible for the safety and well-being of their troop, which can consist of females, infants, and juvenile gorillas. They make crucial decisions for the group, such as where to feed and sleep. In some cases, adolescent silverbacks, known as “blackbacks,” may challenge the leader of the group in an attempt to take over leadership. These battles for dominance can be observed during gorilla trekking tours and are often one of the most exciting aspects of the experience.
Silverback Gorilla Behaviour: Do They Charge?
One of the most iconic and dramatic behaviours of a silverback gorilla is its charge. While gorillas are generally peaceful and avoid conflict, they can become aggressive when they feel threatened or need to assert their dominance. When a silverback charges, it often beats its chest and lets out loud vocalisations. This act can serve multiple purposes: it may be a way of intimidating potential rivals or predators, a form of communication within the group, or even a playful gesture.
During a charge, the other members of the troop, especially the adult females, juveniles, and babies, will demonstrate submissive behaviour by lying flat on the ground, tucking their hands and feet under their bodies. This is a clear signal of surrender to the silverback, indicating that they do not pose a threat to his authority. Despite the dramatic nature of a silverback’s charge, actual physical confrontations with humans are rare, especially during guided trekking tours where proper distance is maintained.
Silverback Gorilla Size and Weight
Silverback gorillas are the largest primates in the world. On average, they weigh between 135 to 195 kilograms (300 to 430 pounds) and stand at a height of 1.5 to 1.8 meters (4 feet 11 inches to 5 feet 11 inches). Their arm span is particularly impressive, measuring between 2.3 to 2.6 meters (7 feet 6 inches to 8 feet 6 inches), allowing them to have incredible reach and strength.
The size of a silverback is one of the factors that contributes to its dominance within the group. Larger males are more likely to win challenges for leadership and are better equipped to protect their troop from threats.
How Strong is a Silverback Gorilla?
A silverback gorilla’s strength is legendary. In comparison to a human adult male, a silverback is estimated to be seven to 18 times stronger. This immense strength is the result of their powerful muscles, which are necessary for climbing, foraging, and defending their territory.
Given their natural ability to fight other silverbacks during dominance battles, it would be impossible for a human to wrestle and defeat a silverback in combat. Their sheer power, combined with their natural fighting instincts, makes them one of the most formidable animals in the wild.
Lifespan of a Silverback Gorilla
In the wild, silverback gorillas typically live for around 35 to 40 years, although they can live longer in captivity, with some reaching up to 50 years. The harsh conditions of the wild, such as diseases, injuries, and food scarcity, contribute to their shorter lifespan compared to those in captivity. However, in well-protected habitats, like the national parks in Uganda, Rwanda, and the DRC, mountain gorillas are thriving due to conservation efforts, which help them live longer and healthier lives.
Conclusion
Silverback gorillas are truly remarkable animals, not only because of their size and strength but also due to their complex social behaviour and leadership roles within their family groups. These gentle giants are a symbol of the wild beauty of East and Central Africa, and they offer an unforgettable experience for anyone who embarks on a gorilla trekking adventure. Whether you are in the forests of Uganda, Rwanda, or Congo, encountering a silverback in its natural habitat is a once-in-a-lifetime experience that showcases the power and majesty of nature.
